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Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 04
April 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 120
Urbanization and Slum Issues in Haryana
Kuldeep Singh
Research Scholar, Department of Geography
Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak (HR.)
Abstract: Actually urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural
economy to modern industrial one. However, India is among the countries of low
level of urbanization, nevertheless, we cannot ignore the fact that recently the
process of urbanization has taken a momentum in the wake of 21st century. The
growth of industries has contributed to the growth of cities and townships in many
parts of India. Consequently it has denoted a diffusion of the influence of urban
centers to a rural hinterland. Therefore, here it is noteworthy to say that the process
of urbanization has become a boon as well as curse for the urban population. Most
of the scholars assume the fact that it is due to unmanageable and unplanned
developmental activities in the urban areas. Slums and associated problems are
today major issues and challenges for urban development. Likewise, Haryana is also
facing many problems and challenges in term of the process of urbanization.
Moreover, the state has crossed the national average level of urbanization and some
of the major cities like Gurugram and Faridabad are facing many problems such as
garbage, slums, sewerage, transport, water, energy, environment etc. in recent
years.
Keywords: Urbanization, Industrial Growth, Urban Areas, Slums, Associated
Problems, Garbage, Sewerage.
Introduction: Today urbanization is not merely a modern phenomenon, but a rapid
and historic transformation of human social roots on a global scale, whereby
predominantly rural culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture
in the wake of industrialization. The process of urbanization occurs as individual,
Page 2 of 8
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 04
April 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 121
commercial and governmental efforts reduce time for jobs, education, housing and
transportation. In other words, in can be said that it occurs when many rural people
or inhabitants migrate to urban areas or cities or towns for job or some other reason.
Consequently it becomes more hazardious in future in the perspective of such issues
and problems like water, sewerage, garbage, energy, pollution, slums etc.
Meanwhile, the acute shortage of housing becomes one of the most serious
problems in urban areas which compels the poor to live in slums. Today it is very
common that slums have developed in almost all the Indian cities. Nevertheless, it is
more serious problem in metropolitan cities. Likewise, Haryana is emerging as a hub
of many industrial activities. Therefore, some of the big towns and cities like
Gurugram and Faridabad also facing the slums and its associated problems.
Research Methodology- The present research paper is based on the secondary
sources as well as primary sources of data collection. The study material has been
collected from reputed books, journals, official websites and census of 2011. To pace
this study, the researcher has also used some observational facts and the nature of
the study is descriptive and analytical.
Research Objectives- The present study highlights the following objectives.
To know about the conceptual framework of slum population.
To trace out the scenario of slum population in Haryana.
To find out slums associated problems in Haryana.
To highlight the proliferation and distribution of slum population in Haryana.
Slums- A Conceptual Framework: The slums and associated problems in India are
very common scene today. The concept of slums has been well defined by the census
and NSSO (National Sample Survey Office). The UN HABITAT has defined slums as a
contagious settlement where the inhabitants are characterized as having inadequate
housing and basic services. The inhabitants living under slums households are not
legally recognized by the public authorities of the respective area. In other words,
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Page 3 of 8
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 04
April 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 122
slum households as a group of Individuals living under the same roof that lack one or
more of the conditions of insecure residential status; inadequate access to safe
water; inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure; poor structural
quality of housing and facing the problem of overcrowding. According to the census
2011, all notified areas are in a town or city notified as ‘slum’ by the state, Union
Territory Administration or local government, housing and slum boards under the
statute including a ‘Slum Act’ are considered as notified slums. A compact area of at
least 300 populations or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested
tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and
lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities in the state or union territory
are categorized as identified slums.
The NSSO has defined slums as by the concerned municipalities, corporations,
local bodies and development authorities. Any compact settlement with a collection
of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded, inadequate sanitary
conditions, inadequate drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions are usually
considered as slums. Moreover, the ward slums cover both notified and non-notified
slums. The government of Haryana issued a notification on 16th April 1990 to define
the slums. According to this notification slums are:
i.) Any area or building unfit for human habitation.
ii.) Overcrowding, fairly arrangements of streets lack of ventilation, light, sanitation
etc.
Slum Proliferation in Haryana: Slums are called by the name of bustees, jhuggis,
chawl etc. in different cities of India. In Haryana we call them Jhuggis Johpris which
are illegally spread out in a particular area. It is estimated that 40 percent people in
mega cities like Calcutta, Mumbai and Delhi live in slum areas. In case of Haryana, we
can put the example of Gurugram and Faridabad. These slums are extremely
unhygienic conditions of life. Consequently people living their life in slums have to
suffer from diseases like blood dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, jaundice and
