Page 1 of 10

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 13

December 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 269

Guidelines for Physical Infrastructure in Industrial

Area Planning: A Review of the Indian Context

Kumar Abhishek1

, Arindam Biswas2

1

PhD Research Scholar, Department of Architecture & Planning, IIT Roorkee

2

Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture & Planning, IIT Roorkee

Abstract:

The practice of industrial development in

pre-independent India could be recognized

as huge consolidation of industries in

selected regions. Eventually, better

planning initiatives in this sector

accelerated the pace of industrial

development and the pattern of development

was broadened. With latest initiatives such

as ‘Make in India’, National Manufacturing

Policy, the Government of India envisions to

increase the manufacturing sector’s

contribution to GDP by 25 %. This clearly

has given a significant boost to the

development of industrial sector in India

than ever before. This paper discusses the

various existing guidelines for industrial

area planning in India. It has two sections;

the first section discusses the classification

of an industrial area by recognized

government bodies. And, the second section

discusses the recommended norms and

standards for various aspects of physical

infrastructure in industrial area planning.

The study is an attempt to put forward the

‘Indian context in physical infrastructure

planning for industrial area’, which can

help understand the gaps in planning

approach.

Keywords

Industrial Planning, Urban Planning,

Sustainable Development, Physical

Infrastructure, Make in India Policy

1. Introduction

India is a rapidly developing economy

and classified as a newly industrialized

country (International Monetary Fund,

2016).With new initiatives such as ‘Make in

India’, National Manufacturing Policy, the

Government of India envisions to take a

huge leap in the path of industrial

development. The road to such

development, if not properly planned, has

potential to pose tremendous risks on

natural resources, environment and the

people. The key issues of concern are social

conflicts due to the sites chosen for

industrial development, environmental

conflicts and negative impacts due to

pollution and resources consumption

(energy, water, materials), impacts on

biodiversity (loss of ecosystem services,

loss of species, changes in biodiversity,

etc.), and issues of climate change (Uri

Marinov, 1996) (Liu, Ulgiati, Park,

Tsuyoshi, & Wang, 2016). The developing

countries, especially at an early stage of

industrialization, have more opportunities to

pursue inclusive industrial development

with a potential for rapid growth and limited

environmental damage. The take-off of

labour-intensive industries exporting to

major world markets could boost both

output and employment, thus promoting

sustained and inclusive growth. And the

limited output volume and concentration on

less polluting activities tend to make

manufacturing less damaging for the

environment than they will become at a later

stage (Saini, 2002)(Gupta, 2006).

CrossRef Index & Index Copernicus Journal

https://doi.org/10.26643/JSMaP.3.13.2017.269-278

https://doi.org/10.26643/JSMaP.3.13.2017.269-278

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Page 2 of 10

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 13

December 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 270

2. Industrial Area Planning in India

The responsibility for industrial planning

and development is under Ministry of

Industry at both central and state level. The

role of Central Government in the planning

and development of industrial area in India

has been mainly that of laying down the

guidelines for the State governments, and

coordination, review and monitoring of the

industrial area development programmes

(Singhal & Kapur, 2002). In addition, sector

specific ministries for steel, petroleum,

chemicals, textiles, mines, etc., have been

formed with a view to stratify and consign

policy and planning processes for the

various sectors. The Commerce &

Industries department at the State

government level is responsible for

establishment of industrial growth centers,

industrial estates and export promotion

zones. The department has the control over

granting of licenses, land, power,

maintenance and all related concessions.

For the establishment of industrial estates

the selection of sites for their location,

development of the industrial areas, and

provision of requisite infrastructural

facilities lie within the jurisdiction of the

State Government. In addition, states also

have State Industrial Development

Corporations (SIDCs), which create quality

infrastructure, modernize existing facilities

and develops partnerships with industry. It

offers attractive fiscal incentives and invites

private investments in infrastructure thrust

sectors (Ministry of Commerce & Industry,

2016).

Fig 1. Typology of industrial areas in India

(Source: Industrial Information System, Ministry of

Commerce & Industry, 2017)

3. Classification of Industries

The national level bodies of India namely

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), and

Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) have

industrial classification in National Building

Code (NBC) and National Industrial

Classification (NIC) respectively. While

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

classifies industries on the basis of pollution

potential.

3.1. NBC

National building code classifies the

industries based on fire and hazard potential

of the same. It includes any building or part

of a building or structure, in which products

or materials of all kinds and properties are

fabricated, assembled, manufactured or

processed, for example, assembly plants,

industrial laboratories, dry cleaning plants,

power plants, generating units etc. Building

typologies are categorized under several

groups where Group G has industrial

buildings. It is further subdivided into G-1,

G-2 and G-3 categories. G-1 is for low

hazard industries which includes any

building in which the contents are of such

comparative low combustibility and the

industrial processes or operations conducted

therein are of such a nature that there are

hardly any possibilities for any self

propagating fire to occur and the only

consequent danger to life and property may

arise from panic, fumes or smoke, or fire

from some external source. Few examples

in this group can be cement industries,

tanneries etc. G-2 is for moderate hazard

industries which includes any building in

which the contents or industrial processes or

operations conducted therein are liable to

give rise to a fire which will burn with

moderate rapidity or result in other

hazardous situation and may give off a

considerable volume of smoke, but from

which neither toxic fumes nor explosions

are to be feared in the event of fire. Few

examples in this group can be rubber goods

industry, textile mills etc. G-3 is for high

hazard industries including buildings with

extreme hazard potential from which

poisonous fumes or explosions are to be

feared in the event of a fire. Examples in

this category can be petrochemical

industries, distilleries, chemical plants, etc

(Bureau of Indian Standards, 2016).

https://doi.org/10.26643/JSMaP.3.13.2017.269-278

Page 3 of 10

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 13

December 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 271

3.2. CPCB

The apex pollution control board

categorizes industries with their pollution

potential based on ‘Range of Pollution

Index’ formulated by them. The different

categories for industrial sectors are namely

Red (Industrial Sectors having Pollution

Index score of 60 and above), Orange

(Pollution Index score of 41 to 59), Green

(Pollution Index score of 21 to 40), White

category (Pollution Index score not more

than 20) and it is used by the authorities for

grant of consents and for inventorization of

industries. The recently introduced White

category of industries pertains to those

industrial sectors which are practically non- polluting such as cotton and woolen hosier

making, Electric lamp (bulb) and CFL

manufacturing assembly etc. There is no

necessity of obtaining the ‘Consent to

Operate’ for White category of industries,

An intimation to concerned SPCB would

suffice. While Red category of industries

are normally not permitted in the

ecologically sensitive / protected area

(Central Pollution Control Board, 2016).

3.3. NIC

The Central Statistical Organization (CSO),

which is responsible for setting up of

statistical standards, took up the task of

evolving a standard industrial classification

in early 1960 and invited suggestions from

various concerned agencies of the

Government of India such as Registrar

General; Economic Advisers to the

Ministries of Finance, Food & Agriculture,

Commerce and Industry; Indian Bureau of

Mines; National Employment Service;

Labour Bureau; Planning Commission;

National Sample Survey and Indian

Statistical Institute etc. The National

Industrial Classification (NIC) is an

essential Statistical Standard for developing

and maintaining comparable data base

according to economic activities of the

industrial sector (Central Statistical

Organisation, 2008).

Table 1. NIC broad structure

Section Industrial activity

A Agriculture, forestry and fishing

B Mining and quarrying

C Manufacturing

D Electricity, gas, steam and air

conditioning supply

E

Water supply; sewerage, waste

management and remediation

activities

F Construction

G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles

H Transportation and storage

I Accommodation and Food service

activities

J Information and communication

K Financial and insurance activities

L Real estate activities

M Professional, scientific and technical

activities

N Administrative and support service

activities

O Public administration and defence;

compulsory social security

P Education

Q Human health and social work

activities

R Arts, entertainment and recreation

S Other service activities

T

Activities of households as employers;

undifferentiated goods- and

services producing activities of

households for own use

U Activities of extraterritorial

organizations and bodies

(Source: National Industrial Classification 2008)

4. Norms & Standards for Industrial

Infrastructure

The norms for planning and developing

industrial infrastructure includes few

standards from national level bodies and

mostly state level authorities. The

infrastructural component covered in this

paper are namely land use, solid waste

management, water supply, wastewater

management, power supply, and road

network.

4.1. Land use

At national level, the land use guidelines for

industrial area is recommended in Urban

and Regional Development Plan

Formulationand Implementation (URDPFI)

guidelines. The recommendations are

according to city type and geographical

location.

https://doi.org/10.26643/JSMaP.3.13.2017.269-278