Page 1 of 10
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 03 Is s ue 10
September 2017
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 141
An Appraisal of Sanitation Facilities in the Core Area of Ondo T
own, Ondo State, Nigeria
Temola Olayemi Thomas & Famutimi John Taiwo
Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. Ondo State, Nigeria
*lawrecno@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This paper seeks to appraise the sanitation f
acilities in the core area of Ondo town with
the aim of assessing their level of adequac
y. It also looked at the incidence of diseases
related to poor sanitation within the study a
rea. One hundred and twenty one questionn
aires were administered which represented
10 percent of the household in the study are
a. It was discovered that most household in
the study area have just one functional flus
h toilet in their house, a large percentage of
the respondents have also suffered from sk
in infection in the last five years, also major
ity of the respondents dispose of domestic
waste in the open yard. Also the study reve
aled that there is a significant relationship b
etween sanitation facilities and the prevalen
ce of sanitation diseases in the study area. S
ome of the recommendations made include
an increased partnership between the gover
nment and international organisations to im
prove on the provision of sanitation facilitie
s as well as improved community participat
ion in the provision of sanitation facilities
Key words: sanitation facilities, sanitation r
elated diseases, household waste water, toil
et facilities, sanitation
INTRODUCTION
WHO and UNICEF (2010) [1] define impr
oved sanitation facility as one that hygienic
ally separates human excreta from human c
ontact; improved sanitation contributes eno
rmously to human health and well being. S
uch conditions can be achieved through eas
y access to improved sanitation facilities.
WHO (2006) [2] describe sanitation as a pa
ckage of health related measures. It also def
ined it as the means of collecting and dispo
sing excreta and community liquid waste in
a hygienic way so as not to endanger the h
ealth of individual and the community as a
whole. Bindersowar (1999) [3] view sanitat
ion as a basic condition for development. It
is aimed at improving the quality of life of i
ndividual and contributes to social develop
ment and abatement of diseases. WHO / U
NICEF (2006) [4] observed that the provisi
on of sanitation facilities and services is po
or in developing countries. Akthar (1990) [
5] added that a significant number of peopl
e in these countries lack access to adequate
water supply, environmental sanitation serv
ices and food security. Poor sanitation contr
ibutes to the death of 2.5 Million children e
very year all over the world of which about
40,000 children below five years of age die
in Nigeria (WHO/UNICEF 2006) [6]. The
negative environmental practices of individ
uals also contribute to this menace. In fact,
the provision of adequate sanitation facilitie
Page 2 of 10
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 03 Is s ue 10
September 2017
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 142
s could at best be referred to as a means to
an end since the attitude and behavioral pra
ctices of the stakeholders determine the end
. Public perception of the need for proper sa
nitation goes a long way in providing desire
d solution that would mitigate the conseque
nces. Adequate sanitation is defined as a saf
e management of human excreta and includ
e both (Sanitation technology) and hygienic
promotion, such as hand washing with soa
p. The 1980s was the United Nations Intern
ational drinking water supply and sanitation
decade at the time, the international comm
unity set a target of achieving 100% covera
ge in water supply and sanitation by 1990 (
WHO/UNICEF 2000)[7]. It was an ambitio
us target and progress over the decade whic
h could not keep up with population growth
. (WHO/UNICEF) estimated that 1.1 billio
n people still lack access to safe water supp
ly but over twice as many people (2.4 billio
n) lacked access to basic sanitation (WHO/
UNICEF, 2000)[8]. Development agencies
believe the new sanitation target agreed at t
he world summit on sustainable developme
nt (WSSD) in 2002[9] is more realistic, but
still presents a significant challenge (WHO/
UNICEF, 2000) [10].
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Nigeria is the most populous Nation
in Africa, the population as at 2006 was est
imated to be 140,004,542 persons in the 20
06 census count and the past few decades h
ave experienced decline in the will and cap
acity of the Government to effectively cope
with the provision of basic needs of the pe
ople (Adeagbo, 2001)[11]. Also the Nigeria
n government has long considered the provi
sion of water supply and sanitation services
to be the domain of the Federal, State and
Local governments, however, the public se
ctor has not been successful in meeting mor
e than a small portion of the demand for wa
ter and sanitation of residential and commer
cial users (Nigerian Water Supply and Sanit
ation Interim Strategy 2000), it further infer
s that services are in critically short supply.
THE STUD
Y AREA
Ondo town in its pre-colonial setting comp
rised the area which lies on latitude 9o 6
l N
orth and 4o 50| East in the tropical rainfores
t belt of Nigeria. It is bound in the North by
Akure and Obokun Local Government Are
as. In the south by Ilaje/Eseodo Local Gove
rnment Areas, and parts of Ijebu in Ogun St
ate, while in the East it is bounded by Owe
na River, Beyond which is the Ifedore Lcoa
l Government Area, and in the West by Oo
ni River in the South, the land is low lying
and borders on the creek areas of Ilaje/Ese
odo, but rises gradually towards North. On
do itself lies 290 meters above sea level. T
he kingdom covers an area of 4,060 Km2 an
d population is 146,015 (1991 Census) of w
hich a large majority live in Ode-Ondo the
capital of the Kingdom.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The use of models helps to translate a probl
em into a more convenient term and easily f
Page 3 of 10
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 03 Is s ue 10
September 2017
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 143
ormulated phenomenon from which conclu
sions can be deduced. (Basorun, 2005)[12].
Similarly, Okoro (2001) [13] argued that m
odels are useful tool to stimulate the future
rather than current situations, and also set t
he norms on which societal behavior and ac
tivities are compared. This study is concept
ualized in line with the following environm
ent planning models.
1. Concept of accessibility
2. Concept of public goods
3. Concept of sustainable
environmental quality management
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the means
that are employed to present and interpret r
esearch data in a comprehensible manner. F
asakin (2000)[14] describes research metho
dology as the various processes, procedures
, principles, method, and instrumentalities b
y which data and information are sourced, s
pecified, defined, collected, processed and
analyzed. The scope of the study is the core
area of Ondo which has a total number of 1
210 residential buildings out of which a sa
mple of 10% will be taken and total number
of 121 questionnaires will be administered
using the systematic random sampling tech
nique.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
To allow for accurate and data based gener
alization the following hypothesis will be p
ut forward and tested
((((((((1) Ho: There is no significant
relationship between sanitation related
diseases and the availability of sanitation
facilities
Hi: There is significant relationship betwee
n sanitation related diseases and the availab
ility of sanitation facilities
RESULTS
Table 1: Type of Toilet Facilities
Type of toilet No of respondent Percentage
Improved
Flush toilet 67 55.4
Ventilated improve pit 7 5.8
Sanitation platform latrine 4 3.3
