Page 1 of 12
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 03 Issue 10
September 2017
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 217
Opportunities and threats for China in the early 21st century
Karolina Baraniak
PhD candidate University of Wrocław (Poland)
karolinabaraniak@interia.pl
Abstract:
It is estimated that if China manages to
maintain a growth rate of 7-8% a year,
around 2025 will be equal in size to the USA
GDP, but per capita income will be 6 times
lower than the USA.
A more pessimistic scenario, taking into
account a greater range of threats, assumes
that China will outpace the USA in terms of
GDP in the mid 21st century1
.
Keywords: China, development,
investment
The scientific institutes' forecasts
are that China will be ranked first in terms
of turnover by 2020, which will completely
transform the geographical structure of
trade in the world. It is pointed out that in
the coming years China will become the
largest importer, and later exporter, in East
Asia, leaving behind Japan2
. By operating
1 E. Haliżak, Zmiana układu sił USA- Chiny a
transformacja porządku międzynarodowego,
Żurawia Papers Workbook 2, Warszawa 2005, p.74.
2 L. Rajca, Chińska modernizacja u progu XXI wieku
– sukcesy, wyzwania, perspektywy,[in:] J.
Marszałek- Kujawa (ed.), Oblicza Chin na początku
XXIw. Historia. Polityka. Społeczeństwo, Toruń:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2008, p. 160.
3 E. Haliżak, op. cit., p. 78.
4 L. Rajca, op. cit., p. 160.
trade relations with the West, China will
have a significant surplus, and dealing with
its neighbors in the region will struggle with
the deficit, which will create a locomotive
of economic growth3
. To benefit from
surplus trade, the People's Republic of
China has set up a special agency
responsible for investing foreign exchange
reserves (over $ 1 trillion). Analysts agree
that China will inject these funds into its
businesses, and that through the stock
exchange also in the American companies4
.
The pharmaceutical industry in
China has been growing at a steady pace for
several years now. Total medicine’s sales
increased by 20.5% between 2005 and
2008, reaching over $ 39.7 billion (€ 30
billion) in 2009, equivalent to $ 30 per
person compared to $ 446.2 (€ 337) per
person in Europe5
. In 2010 the growth rate
was at 20% per year6
, Between 2010 and
5 Leki i badania medyczne, [in:] Sektor opieki
zdrowotnej w Chinach. Raport EU SME (European
Union Support Service Provider for European Small
and Medium-sized Enterprise) Centre, [in:] Official
website of portal GoChina:
http://www.gochina.gov.pl/files/?id_plik=109
(access: 25.09.2017)
6 Wiodące branże produkcyjne. Przemysł
farmaceutyczny, , [in:] Official website of portal
GoChina:
Page 2 of 12
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 03 Issue 10
September 2017
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 218
2014 it reached a ceiling of 16.9%, which
led to the fact that in 2015 China was the
second largest drug market in the world, just
behind the United States7
.
Chinese airlines have been
experiencing rapid development since
1978. Under
the agreement between the People's
Republic of China and the United States,
signed on June 18, 2004, the number of
weekly flights between these countries
increased nearly fivefold,
from 54 to 249 flights8
. The biggest airlines
in China are China Southern Airlines (CZ),
China Eastern Airlines (MU) and Air China
(CA). Three Chinese airports operate
frequent direct connections to Europe: the
Beijing Capital International Airport
(PEK), Pudong International Airport (PVG)
in Shanghai and the Guangzhou New
Baiyun International Airport (CAN). There
are also two weekly flights to Russia from
Sanya Airport (SYX) in Hainan. 19 airports
http://www.gochina.gov.pl/index/?id=fbd7939d674
997cdb4692d34de8633c4 (access: 25.09.2017)
7 Leki i badania medyczne, [in:] Sektor opieki
zdrowotnej w Chinach. Raport EU SME (European
Union Support Service Provider for European Small
and Medium-sized Enterprise) Centre, [in:] Official
website of portal GoChina:
http://www.gochina.gov.pl/files/?id_plik=109
(access: 25.09.2017)
8 China Airlines, [in:] Official website of
ChinaHighlights:
http://www.chinahighlights.com/china-airline/
(access: 25.09.2017)
in Europe are operated by China: London
(LHR), Paris (CDG), Frankfurt (FRA),
Munich (MUC), Amsterdam (AMS), Milan
Malpensa (MXP), Rome Fiumicino (FCO),
Wiedeo Stockholm (ARN), Madrid (MAD),
Brussels (BRU), Budapest (BUD), Istanbul
(IST), Kiev (KBP), Moscow Sheremetyevo
(SVO) Moscow Domodedovo (DME) and
St. Petersburg (LED)9
. In July 2011, the
State Council of China estimated that by
2020 the general aviation industry would
grow by about 19 percent annually10
.
China's accession to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) in 2011 has
resulted in its opening up to European and
American products, including
cinematography. Films such
as "Titanic" have enjoyed tremendous
success in China, which has led to a
growing concern about the crisis of the
home cinema11. The next few years in China
have produced, however, several Chinese
movies, which have received very positive
9 China Flights, [in:] Official website of
ChinaHighlights:
http://www.chinahighlights.com/china-flights/
(access: 25.09.2017)
10 Chińskie władze będą dotować sektor lotnictwa
ogólnego, [in:] Official website of Polish portal
dlapilota.pl :
http://dlapilota.pl/wiadomosci/avweb/chinskie- wladze-beda-dotowac-sektor-lotnictwa-ogolnego
(access: 25.09.2017)
11 Chińskie Hollywood, [in:] Official website of
Polish cinematic portal Canal+:
http://www.canalplus.pl/dokument-chinskie- hollywood_25805 (access: 25.09.2017)
Page 3 of 12
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 03 Issue 10
September 2017
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 219
reviews from critics, numerous awards at
international festivals, thus consolidating
the position of Chinese cinema
in the world12. It is worth mentioning here
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)13
directed by Ang Lee, which was the first
film in the history of Chinese Cinema,
which won the Oscar
14. Other important
films were Hero (2002)15
, and House of
Flying Diggers (2004)16 created
by Zhan Yimou- the last movie is one of the
most awarded Asian films of recent years17
.
Among the many distinctions it has, among
others, 9 nominations for BAFTA and
Golden Globe nomination for Best Foreign
Film. The film was also the official Chinese
candidate
for the Oscar in 200518
.
No wonder China is now considered
as the third largest film producer in the
12 Ibidem.
13 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, [in:] Official
website of Internet Movie Database:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0190332/?ref_=nm_kn
f_t2 (access: 25.09.2017)
14 Ibidem.
15 Hero, [in:] Official website of Internet Movie
Database:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0299977/?ref_=nm_kn
f_i1 (access: 25.09.2017)
16 House of Flying Diggers [in:] Official website of
Internet Movie Database:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0385004/?ref_=nv_sr_
1(access: 25.09.2017)
17 Chińskie Hollywood, [in:] Official website of
Polish cinematic portal Canal+:
http://www.canalplus.pl/dokument-chinskie- hollywood_25805 (access: 25.09.2017)
18 Ibidem.
19 Ibidem.
world right after North America and India.
In 2010, film industry profits reached 10.17
billion yuan ($ 1.5 billion), 69% more than
in 200919. In this year, 526 films were
produced in China (a 15% increase
compared to 2009), which brought foreign
benefits of 3.52 billion yuan20. In 2012, 3D
films appeared in China, 21 of them in this
format (13% of all 159 cinema premieres)
collected 46% of ticket revenue 21. At the
same time, modernization of existing
cinemas and an increasing number of new
multiplexes resulted in an increase in
consumer spending on cinema expeditions
and a 27% increase in cinema revenues22. In
China there is also the world's largest 330-
hectare film studio, Hengdian World
Studios23. In June 2012 in Wuxi, China, a
world-class digital film production center
was established. It will help the film
20 Chiński przemysł chce deptać Hollywood po
piętach, [in:] Official website of portal Chiny24:
http://chiny24.com/news/chinski-przemysl- filmowy-chce-deptac-hollywood-po-pietach
(access: 25.09.2017)
21 P. Płaza, Jest kraj, w którym 3D robi prawdziwą
furorę- to Chiny, [in:] Official website of Polish
newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza:
http://technologie.gazeta.pl/internet/1,104530,1230
1992,Jest_kraj__w_ktorym_3D_robi_prawdziwa_f
urore___to.html (access: 25.09.2017)
22 Potencjał w dziedzinie wymiany kulturalnej
między Unią Europejską i krajami trzecimi:
przypadek Chin, [in:] Official website of European
Parliament:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/cult/s
tudiesdownload.html?languageDocument=PL&file
=26259 (access: 25.09.2017)
23 B. Horodyska, Klastry przemysłowe- prognozy na
2040r, [in:] Official website of Polish Portal
Innowacji:
