Page 1 of 11
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 02 Issue 8
August 2016
Available online:http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 1
An empirical study on production and returns to scale of
Paddy Crop in Jammu and Kashmir with special reference to
district Anantnag.
Tajamul Khurshid (M.Phil Research Scholar) SOE,D.A.V.VIndore.
Gyan Prakash(Professor SOE, D.A.V.V Indore.
Email: mailfortajamul@gmail.com
1. Introduction:
Rice culture and consumption in Kashmir
has been in vogue since the drainage of
water from Satisar by Kashyap Reshi.
Among the chief crops that ripen in autumn
in Kashmir, rice (Oryza Sativa)
(dhaney/shali in Kashmir) has been
extensively grown in irrigated lands since
time immemorial for food and fodder
purposes. Rice remained a crop of prime
importance in Kashmir; it alone contributes
more than 74 percent of the total rice
produced in the state.It is a kharif crop and
is sown in May-June and harvested in
autumn. It is primarily grown in plain
areas.The rice crop grown mostly in
Kashmir region also known as ‘Cultivators
Paradise’.Rice is grown in varied soil
conditions but deep clayey and loamy soil,
which turn in to soft mud when puddle and
develop cracks on drying, provides the ideal
condition and rainfall between 150-300 cm
is suitable for its growth. Cultivation of rice
requires hot and moist climate, day
temperature of 20-330C and night
temperature of 15-200C are suitable for
optimum growth and higher yield.Rice
production in the state is predominantly a
mono cropped activity with a very high
consumption and most important staple food
than other states of India.Anantnag, Jammu,
Baramulla and Pulwama are the major
paddy districts of the State.These four
districts together produces about 65.39
percent of total paddy production and
occupies about 59.87 percent of total area
under paddy in the state. Anantnag and
Pulwama are the only districts in Jammu and
Page 2 of 11
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 02 Issue 8
August 2016
Available online:http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 2
Kashmir whose production is large as
compared to remaining districts of the state.
Anantnag is also called the rice bowl of the
state, and it is equally rich in landscape of
lush green meadows asthe district is
provided with rich natural and water
resource management, apart from this the
Anantnag district has got the large area
under the cultivation of rice, 40375 hectares
of land is under cultivation of rice, and the
production of rice in the district is 105726
tonnes with a productivity of 2.62t/ha. The
area under the rice is distributed by both the
regions in which about 40 percent of area is
with Jammu division while as 60 percent of
the area is with Kashmir division. According
to the Census 1994-95, the Kashmir region
accounted for 61 per cent of total cultivable
land under rice with the highest yield of
26.13 q/ha as compared to approximately
15.96 q/ha in the Jammu region.
Paddy crop is the main staple food of the
state particularly Kashmir region. There is a
need to increase the production of the said
crop because of growing population and
decreasing area under the paddy crop as the
cultivators shift from this crop to other cash
crops because the prices of this crop is low
which hardly bears the cost of cultivation.
Thus for analyzing this following objectives
were taken.
Objectives:
1. To know the production, productivity and
area of paddy crop in Jammu and Kashmir
State.
2. To estimate the input-output relations
between production and different input
factors
2. Review of literature:
Singh and Chandra (2003):tested various
functional forms and found that
exponentialfunction was the most
appropriate to examine the growth trends of
area, production and yieldof paddy in India.
They studied the growth performance for
different periods and used‘t’ testto test the
significant difference between growth rates
of any two periods of aggregate. Thestudy
found that as a result of increase in area
under cultivation and yield, the overall
growthrate in paddy production had been
very significant (2.96) during the 1975/76 –
1990/00period. Yield increased by 2.42 per
cent whereas acreage increased by 0.52
percent.
Tuong and Bouman, (2001):Rice is a
proliferate user of water,consuming half of
all fresh water resources. In Asia, 17 million
ha of irrigated rice area may experience
Page 3 of 11
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 02 Issue 8
August 2016
Available online:http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 3
“physical water scarcity” and 22 million ha
may have “economic water scarcity” by
2025.
Virk et al., (2004): Rice is one of the
important food crops in the worldand ranks
second in terms of area and production. It
isthe staple food for about 50 per cent of the
populationin Asia, where 90 per cent of the
world’s rice is grownand consumed. Asia’s
food security depends largelyon the irrigated
rice fields, which account for morethan 75
per cent of the total rice production.
Velayutham and Palaniappan
(2003):studied the crop diversification in
India and foundthat more than 250 cropping
systems are being followed in the country of
which 30 croppingsystems are predominant.
These 30 systems include rice-wheat, rice- rice, rice-grain, rice-mustard, rice- groundnut, rice-sorghum, groundnut-rice
and sorghum-rice. Crop diversification had
been studied by analyzing change in area
under major crops during the period 1970-71
to 1998-99. It was found that the area under
total cereals remained static at about 102
million hectares while there had been a
significant increase in non-grain crops such
as cotton, sugarcane, fruit and vegetables
during that period. The economic return was
one of the major considerations for adoption
of major cropping systems at farm as well as
regional level.
This paper has been divided into four
sections. Section 1 deals introduction with
objective. In second section the review of
literature has been given. The methodology
is in section 3. Section 4 deals with empirics
and Fifth section is related with conclusion
andpolicy implications.
3. Research methodology:
The present study has been conducted in
district Anantnag which is based on both
primarily and secondary information. The
primary information has been obtained
through schedules; convenience sampling
has been done as per the requirements of the
study. There are 8 blocks in district
Anantnag, one block is selected randomly,in
which 100 paddy cultivators has been
selected conveniently for the information
requirements of the present study, 30, 30
and 40 farmers were studied from each
category viz, large farmers, small farmers
and marginal farmers respectively. The
secondary data for examining the area,
production and productivity were collected
from Directorate of Economics and
Statistics Government of Jammu and
Kashmir (Digest of Statistics, 2012-2013).
In order to find out the compound growth
