Page 1 of 12
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 02 Issue 3
March 2016
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 1
Socioeconomic characteristics of Hepatitis B and TT
vaccination coverage among some students of Chittagong
Medical College of Bangladesh
Sayeed Mahmud1
, Abu Zafar Mahmudul Haq2
1Associate Professor & Head, Department of Community Medicine, Chittagong Medical College,
Chittagong, Bangladesh,
E-mail:sayeed12_cmc@yahoo.com
2Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, City University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
E-mail:cityuniversity1215@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of the study was to asses some
characteristics of the students of the
Chittagong Medical College about their
coverage of Hepatitis B and TT vaccination.
The study is based on primary data. The
sample respondents were the 2nd year to 5th
year students of Chittagong medical
College, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Total
number of sample respondents was 454. A
pre-structured questionnaire was prepared
for the survey. Investigation was done by the
students of the department of community
medicine for the purpose of the RFST
program. Duration of the investigation was
November-December, 2012. The selection of
respondents and survey venue were done
purposively. Analysis was done through
frequency and percentages. Among many
outcomes of the study, it is revealed that
vaccination coverage of Hepatitis B is
73.1% and TT is 44.7% of total students. In
case of total 268 female students, 75.7%
were vaccinated with TT while 11.5% male
students were provided TIG as post
exposure prophylaxis. It imagines that a
portion of medical students were not fully
aware of vaccination. It is suggested that it
needs to launch more awareness campaign
for vaccination among the mass people
besides the students.
Keywords: Medical students,
Socioeconomic characteristics, Hepatitis B,
Tetanus Toxoid, Vaccination.
1.Introduction
A good health becomes bad when it is
affected by a disease. A disease is an
abnormal condition that affects the body of
organism. It is often construed as a not only
physically but also emotionally, as
contracting and living with many disease
can alter one’s perspective on life and their
personality our health is exposed to various
organism which can cause disease whether
they reside in environment but peoples are
not being affected everyday due to our own
Page 2 of 12
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 02 Issue 3
March 2016
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 2
community. Immunity is the ability of the
body to restrict a particular toxin by the
action of specific antibodies. Immunity may
be inherited, acquired or induced. Acquired,
induced immunity is gained by vaccine. In
Bangladesh, vaccines are available for most
of the communicable disease. Among them
Hepatitis B and Tetanus are common.
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused
by Hepatitis B virus. It spread by contact
with an infected person’s blood, semen or
other body fluid. If a person is infected by
Hepatitis B virus, it may feel flu like
symptoms. Only a blood test can confirm the
disease. It usually gets better on its own
after a few months. If it does not get better it
is called chronic Hepatitis B virus which can
lead to the scarring of the liver or liver
cancer. Tetanus is acquired when the spore
of the bacteria “Clostridium tetanus”
infected a wound. The bacteria can live in
many different substances including soil,
house dust, animal or human wastes. Once
inside, they multiply and release a powerful
type of poison known as a neurotoxin. The
neurotoxin disrupts the normal working of
the nerves, causing symptoms such as
stiffness and muscle spasm [9]. Only
vaccine can prevent them from these health
hazards. Complete protection against
Hepatitis B includes three doses of vaccine
schedule whereas tetanus includes five
doses. Now a day both vaccines are given as
part of EPI schedule. EPI is the most
successful public health intervention in
Bangladesh and has contributed significantly
to reducing mortality and morbidity from
vaccine preventable disease since 1979.
Reviewing different literature published by
WHO, UNICEF and so on, it presents here
the global, South-Asia regional and
Bangladesh situation relating awareness
about vaccine against Hepatitis B and
tetanus.
1.1Global and South East Asia (SEAR)
situation
It is now more than 30 years since leaders of
Bangladesh adopted the EPI programs and
their associated targets. In time, substantial;
progress has been made reducing tetanus.
These current trends provide a firm basis for
the intensified collective actions and
expansion of successful approaches now
needed to overcome the challenges posed by
multiple crisis and large inequalities.
According to world health statistics 2012
from an estimated data 1.2 billion death
have been prevented which is not significant
enough [3]. In a study on “Coverage of TT
vaccine among teenagers” conducted by
department of community health service,
Hamdard College of Medicine and
Dentistry, Karachi in the year 2007 presents
a brief description about the coverage. This
paper reveals that among 1407 female
students who were not aware about tetanus
immunization. Only 39.80% received at
least one of the four recommended doses.
Only 2.97% received complete course of
doses [5]. Another study conducted on
“Coverage of Hepatitis B among the
Medical students” by Kerman University of
Medical Science, Kemran, Iran, in the year
Page 3 of 12
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 02 Issue 3
March 2016
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 3
2005 reveals that only 86.8% had been
vaccinated by complete vaccination which
had been performed in only 71.7% of the
subjects [7]. Study conducted on
“Awareness about the vaccination on
Tetanus” by A K M Ali, reveals that only
68% of the students of public university
were aware about the vaccine and
acquainted with the complete doses of TT
[1].Regarding vaccination another important
research work was held in Mirpurkha, India
by department of Community Medicine and
presented in the international conference on
health personnel. In this study, percentages
of vaccinated person were 57%. Among
them 87.8% had completed their vaccination
schedule of 4 doses and 13% were partially
vaccinated [2].
1.2Bangladesh Situation
According to World Health Survey 2009, it
is estimated that 1.2 million deaths have
been prevented from 1987-2008 through EPI
services. According to Department of Public
Health of Bangladesh a cross-sectional study
was done on the students of public
university of Bangladesh in October 2009.
Mean age of the respondents was around
19.7 years. About 90% of respondents knew
about tetanus. From about 34.55 of the
respondents was completely immunized,
24.8% on schedule, 17.7% incompletely
immunized and 23% was not at all
immunized [4]. As medical personnel,
medical students have high risk for infection
particularly by Hepatitis B virus and
exotoxin of Clostridium tetani that causes
tetanus. Considering this, study of Hepatitis
B awareness among medical students was
recognized in Ibrahim [6] and Martin [8].
However, such study scant in Bangladesh.
So it has been performed a study to assess
the Hepatitis B and TT vaccination coverage
among the 2nd
-5
th year students of
Chittagong Medical College, Bangladesh.
2. Objectives and Methodology of the
study
The aim of the study was to assess some
characteristics of the students of the
Chittagong Medical College about their
coverage of Hepatitis B and TT vaccination.
The study is based on primary data. The
sample respondents were the 2nd year to 5th
year students of MBBS of Chittagong
medical College (CMC), Chittagong,
Bangladesh. Total number of sample
respondents was 454. A pre-structured
questionnaire was prepared for the survey.
Investigation was done by the students of
the department of community medicine for
the purpose of the RFST program. Duration
of the investigation was November- December, 2012. The selection of
respondents and survey venue were done
purposively. Analysis was done through
frequency and percentages.
3.Discussion
Regarding the age of the students, out of
total 454 students, 208(45.8%) were 20-21
years of age and 35(7.7%) were 24-25 years
of old (Table 1). Among the responding
students, 61% were female and the
