Page 1 of 14
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/index.php/JSMaP
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 01 Issue 06
July 2015
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 123
Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Wheat
crop in J&K vis-à-vis India
Sapna Sharma*, Shallu Sehgal**
*Research Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Jammu, Jammu.
**Assistant Professor in Economics, Department of Economics, University of Jammu, Jammu.
sapnadubey2222@gmail.com; drshallusehgal@gmail.com
Abstract
In the present study an attempt has been
made to know the contribution of J&K state
to India’s overall area, production and
productivity of wheat in percentage terms
and also the trends in area, production and
productivity in J&K vis-à-vis India for the
period 1990-91 to 2012-13. The share of
J&K state remains stagnant at 1% in area
and in terms of production it varies from
0.21% to 0.70% during the study period.
The average per hectare productivity in
J&K is less than the national average
productivity. The compound growth of area,
production and productivity of wheat in
India shows a declining trend but in J&K
compound growth of area and production
reveals an increasing trend and productivity
shows a declining trend. The overall
average production of wheat in India and
J&K were 71.63 MT and 0.40 MT
respectively. The overall average
productivity of wheat was 2677.34 Kg/Ha
and 1541.13 Kg/Ha in India and J&K
respectively. The overall variability in area
in absolute terms in India was 1.70 M Ha
and in J&K was 0.016 M Ha which is 6.37%
and 6.23% respectively. Similarly the
overall variability in production of wheat in
India was 10.52 MT (14.69%) and J&K it
was 0.085 MT (21.50%). The overall
variability in productivity was 235.39Kg/Ha
(8.81%) for India and for J&K the same was
316.87Kg/Ha (20.56%). Finally reasons for
low productivity in wheat in J&K and
suggestion to raise productivity were
highlighted.
Keywords: India, J&K, Variability,
Productivity, Wheat.
INTRODUCTION
Wheat is an important cereal crop that is
consumed by majority of the population in
the world. It is the most important staple
food of about two billion people. Wheat
cultivation in India started 5000 years ago.
India is the second largest producer of wheat
in the world after china with maximum area
under wheat. But in terms of productivity, it
ranks thirteenth and marginally less relative
to world average (Directorate of Wheat
Research, 2013). Wheat is second most
important staple food crop after rice in India
and generally provides about 50 percent of
the calories and proteins requirement to a
vast majority of India’s population. From a
perpetual food deficit nation until the mid
1960’s, India become self sufficient in
wheat production due to the adoption of
Page 2 of 14
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/index.php/JSMaP
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 01 Issue 06
July 2015
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 124
modern science and technology involving
the use of hybrid seeds and modern
agronomic practices and the credit for this
achievement goes to the much successful
strategy of “Green Revolution” (India wheat
market, Report prepared by Western
Australia Trade office India, 2012). In 2012-
2013 wheat is grown in an area of about 30
million hectares with a production of 93
million tons and the normal national
productivity is about 2.98 tons per hectares
(Agriculture statistics at glance 2013-2014).
In 2013-2014, India’s share in global
production was 13.1% and in global export
was 3.16% (USDA).
The major wheat producing states are Uttar
Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Karnataka, West Bengal, Uttarakhand,
Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and
Kashmir. These states contribute about
99.5% of total wheat production in the
country. Remaining states contributes only
0.5% of total wheat production in the
country (Directorate of Wheat
Development). As far as the state of Jammu
and Kashmir, agriculture plays a very
prominent role for development of the
economy of Jammu and Kashmir State.
Nearly 70% of the population in the state is
directly or indirectly depended on
agriculture and allied sectors. The
contribution of this sector was 22.85% in
J&K economy in 2010-11. The three major
crops that are paddy, maize and wheat
contribute more than 90 percent of the total
Foodgrain production in the state and rest is
shared by other cereals and pulses. The state
comprises of three regions namely Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh with distinct
geographical outlook and agro climatic
zones. Each zone with its own
characteristics determines the cropping
pattern and productivity of crops. Paddy
being the main crop of Kashmir region
followed by vegetables, pulses, maize,
fodder and wheat. In Jammu region, wheat
is the main crop followed by maize, paddy,
pulses, oilseeds while in Ladakh barley is
the main cereal crop followed by wheat
(Economic Survey of J&K, 2013-14).
Economy of J&K is still agrarian employing
70% of the population of the state. Even
then J&K is a food deficit state which
requires more emphasis on raising
production and productivity of food grains
especially wheat because it is the crop that is
mostly grown in all the regions of state
especially in Jammu and Ladakh where it is
a staple crop. Being a crop that requires less
Page 3 of 14
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/index.php/JSMaP
e-ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 01 Issue 06
July 2015
Available online: http://internationaljournalofresearch.org/ P a g e | 125
annual rainfall, it can be easily grown in
hilly areas and dry land.
Objectives:
The present study is based on the following
objectives:
1. To find out the contribution of J&K in
aggregate Wheat Production and Area in
India in percentage terms.
2. To study the trend and growth of Area,
Production and Productivity of wheat crop
in J&K vis-à-vis India.
3. To find out the factors affecting the
productivity of wheat in J&K.
Sources of Data:
The present study is based on secondary
data sources relating to the area, production
and productivity of wheat crop. The data
was obtained from the secondary sources
such as RBI Data Base, Digest of statistics
of J&K, Economic Survey of J&K etc.
Methodology:
For the purpose of the analysis, the entire
study period is divided into two sub periods,
covering Period I: 1990-91 to 1999-2000;
Period II: 2000-01 to 2012-13 and the
Overall Period: 1990-91 to 2012-13 and
accordingly Compound growth rates,
Means, Standard Deviations and Coefficient
of Deviations of Area, Production and
Productivity of selected crop in the two
periods were estimated to examine the
variations.
Results and Discussions:
Table 1 &2 shows the trends in area,
production and productivity of wheat crop in
India and J&K state over the study period.
In India, the area under wheat crop has
increased from 24.17 M ha in 1990-91 to
29.65 M Ha in 2012-13 but in case of J&K
state it remained stagnant during the same
period excluding 2000-01, 2009-10 and
2010-11. In terms of percentage also the
share of J&K was very meager that is
around 1 percent. The production of wheat
in India has increased from 55.14 MT to
92.46 MT and in J&K; it increased from
0.297 MT to 0.54 MT over the same period.
The percentage share shows variations
during the study period varying from 0.21%
to 0.70%. The average national productivity
in India was 2281Kg/Ha in 1990-91 that
increased to 3188 Kg/Ha in 2012-13
whereas in J&K it was 1222 Kg/Ha in 1990-
91 and 1404 Kg/Ha in 2012-13 far below the
average national productivity. The increase
in production was only due to the increase in
productivity as the area under the wheat
