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Abstract
Before the end of the decade of the 1980s red mud became a major concern in world environmental discussions. Red mud is a solid waste product of the Bayer process, the principal industrial means of refining bauxite in order to provide alumina as raw material for the electrolysis of aluminum by the Hall-Heroult Process. Red mud is composed of a mixture of solid and metallic oxide bearing impurities, and presents one of the aluminum industry's most important disposal problems.