Main Article Content
Abstract
Water is one of the most important factor in the base of human civilization. 70% part of earth is acquired by water out which 97% of water is salt water, 2% water is in frozen state and remaining 1% is not distributed evenly to the whole world[1] .Safe drinking water is considered a most important factor of a country’s development and according to recent reports, about 663 million people around the world do not have access to safe drinking water [2]. Safety of drinking water is judged by national standards or international guidelines with WHO guidelines for drinking water quality and it is implemented by many developing countries [3]. Reports shows that over a billion of the estimated 6.2 billion people relying on improved water sources continue to use unsafe water [4].The treatment of drinking water with regard to public water supplies generally consists of a series of barriers in a treatment of water that generally varies according to the requirements of the supply and the availability of the water resources [5].However, groundwater acts a vital role for several naturally occurring and anthropogenic ions such as fluoride,lead, chromium, selenium, chloride, nitrate,arsenic heavy metals and as well as radioactive materials which greatly affect the groundwater quality leading to health problems[6]. Besides inorganic pollutants, industrial waste water also contains organic pollutants which have to be treated before the water can be discharged. Biological treatment is the most economic process and is usually used for treatment of “readily degradable” organic pollutants present in the waste water. The situation is completely different when the waste water contains toxic or and refractory organic pollutants. In this case, another type of treatment must be used. The electrochemical method for the treatment of waste water containing organic pollutants has attracted a great deal of attention recently [ 7-9].So in the present review various techniques and methods for the sustainability and purification of water by the nanoparticals have been studied.