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Abstract
Various researches over the past years have targeted the cure of HIV but there has not been any success. A lot of drugs are utilized for anti retro viral therapy but all of these drugs target the HIV reservoirs and suppress the viral load. Since the introduction of ART, all the drugs were administered orally which led to so many adverse effects like renal failure, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, constipation and many others in different patients. In order to overcome these adverse effects a number of pharmaceutical interventions have been introduced. This has led to better treatment and management of human immunodeficiency virus. These include discovery of a new class of drugs known as maturation inhibitors which are still in clinical study. Prophylaxis by insertion of vaginal rings in women for slow release of anti retro viral drugs is another intervention that has been improvised in ART. Besides the adverse effects, some drugs have very less bioavailability. In order to overcome these problems, the drugs were formulated as nanosystems which include liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, solid lipid particles and many others. Recent studies have shown already existing drugs like metformin which is used to treat diabetes type 2 can be used in ART as it reduces the reservoirs of HIV. Cannabinoids can also be used to decrease inflammation in HIV patients as they are prone to chronic inflammation.